Earth observation is entering a new era where space and ground assets are expected not only to collect data, but also to autonomously collaborate, reason and respond to evolving user needs in near real-time. Supported by ESA Φ-lab, the Earth Observation Virtual Constellation initiative combines onboard AI, ground-based intelligence and multi-agent orchestration to enable satellites, in-situ sensors and distributed processing resources to dynamically coordinate their activities. ESA Φ-lab is now seeking to expand the ecosystem with new space and terrestrial assets, and additional stakeholder communities.
Signals that anticipate natural disasters often present themselves hours before humans can react. In times marked by rapid environmental changes, the Earth observation field faces an urgent demand for faster, targeted and information-driven responses to dynamic events.
Today, even with advanced satellites in orbit, effective disaster response remains restricted by rigid ground segment workflows. Traditional data acquisition schemes, while powerful, lack the agility to react in real time to fast-evolving events like floods or wildfires.
Even as onboard artificial intelligence (AI) begins to be deployed, it typically operates on static instructions, waiting days in advance to execute pre-scheduled tasks over fixed areas. This disconnection highlights a gap in on-ground coordination and real-time responsiveness.
To meet these challenges, a paradigm shift is underway, moving from satellites controlled by operators to an intent-driven cognitive system. In this model, satellites do not wait for ground operators to send commands – they directly trigger an action. A system of satellites will then autonomously observe, refine its actions and confirm outcomes in real time.
Meet the Earth Observation Virtual Constellation (EOVC), a novel, federated and software-defined approach that orchestrates different space assets and ground-based data sources to operate as a single and unified structure, and that is at the heart of this paradigm shift.
Rather than relying on fixed acquisition plans from isolated missions, this new virtual constellation will treat all available sensing resources – including public satellites, commercial constellations and ground-based Internet-of-Things networks – as interoperable nodes within a cloud-native ecosystem. This will shift the core operational question from ‘Which satellite acquires the data?’ to ‘What information is needed and how can the system best obtain it?’
By leveraging agile ground segments, cloud-native interfaces and agentic AI technologies, satellites can automatically share insights with one another, forming an on-demand constellation that not only responds to active events by recruiting specific sensors, acquiring data from different orbits and using various satellite capabilities, but also anticipates future events.
ESA Φ-lab and the EOVC consortium, led by the CS Group, are looking for new collaborations to expand EOVC capabilities. This non-procurement initiative aims to identify key stakeholders, assess existing space and ground capabilities, foster cross-industry exchanges and collaboratively shape the future system’s architecture.
Organisations interested in contributing to this initiative are invited to express their interest and share relevant capabilities, technologies, and potential collaboration opportunities.
The initial demonstration phase of the Earth Observation Virtual Constellation will focus on flood monitoring across selected European river basins, concentrating specifically on the Danube River and the French national river network.
Subsequent phases will extend these capabilities to new spacecrafts, new geographical regions and a broader array of time-sensitive use cases, including disaster and emergency response, maritime surveillance and safety, and extreme weather and infrastructure resilience.
Nicolas Longépé, Earth Observation Data Scientist at ESA Φ-lab and Technical Officer of the initiative, commented: “For decades, we have looked at Earth observation as a collection of individual satellites, each doing its own job. But the challenges we face today, from floods and wildfires to other rapidly evolving events, require a more connected approach.”
“Virtual constellations such as this one will allow different space and ground assets to work together as a team, sharing information about what is happening on Earth faster. In the end, this is about making Earth observation more responsive, more efficient and more useful for the people that depend on it”, Nicolas added.
The video below explores how the Earth Observation Virtual Constellation will work and what it means for the future of Earth observation.
More information about this Call for Interest and how to collaborate is available on the Earth Observation Virtual Constellation website.
To know more: Earth Observation Virtual Constellation, ESA Φ-lab.
Photo courtesy of CS Group.
